Malaria
is still the most widespread of all human diseases and is prevalent in large parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, the South Pacific. Prevention is important, but nowhere is malaria prophylaxis a legal requirement. Thus, responsibility for precautions lies with the traveler. In some countries, the disease is confined to limited, rural areas, and visiting major cities is less hazardous.

If exposure to malaria is unlikely, the following may be adequate:

• Wear light-colored clothing (dark colors attract mosquitoes)
• Use mosquito-repellent lotions or sprays
• Wear long sleeves and pants
• Take preventive medication regularly
• Avoid perfume, toilet water, scented soaps, after-shave lotions

Repellents containing at least 35% “Deet” sprayed or applied to skin and clothing will help keep insects away. They are harmless to humans—provided the hands are washed before eating. However, toxic insecticides are distinct from repellents. If a room is sprayed with a toxic insecticide, stay out of it for at least half an hour.

For insect-infested regions, use a sleeping net (nylon is better than cotton) when sleeping in an unscreened room and generous applications of insect repellents.

Ticks should be removed with tweezers, with a minimum of squeezing. A drop of gasoline, alcohol, or tincture of iodine applied first will help prevent breaking off the tick’s head.